Research Data

TCO Calculator

50 employees, Annual IT Budget: Around $1 million Revenue: Likely in the range of up to $10 million annually Market Share: Niche or localized market presence Geographic Reach: Primarily local or regional operations Complexity of Operations: Simple structure with a single line of business Customer Base: Small, often highly targeted Organizational Hierarchy: Flat, with few management layers R&D Investment: Minimal, focused on immediate product needs. Workload Patterns

Workload pattern #01

Enterprise Applications (ERP, CRM, HR Systems)

Often utilize simpler, SaaS-based CRM and HR tools integrated with cloud-based storage.

Workload pattern #02

Web Hosting and Content Management

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service, or GCP App Engine for hosting small websites, blogs, and basic e-commerce platforms.

Workload pattern #03

Custom Application Development

Develop and deploy simple custom applications using serverless functions like AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, or GCP Cloud Functions.

Workload pattern #04

DevOps and CI/CD

May adopt simple CI/CD pipelines using cloud-native tools with minimal automation requirements.

Workload pattern #05

High-Performance Computing (HPC)

Generally do not engage in HPC due to cost and resource constraints.

Workload pattern #06

File Storage and Backup

Rely on simple cloud storage solutions like AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, or GCP Cloud Storage for file storage and backups.

Workload pattern #07

Security and Compliance

Use basic security features like built-in firewalls, identity management, and basic encryption.

Workload pattern #08

IoT and Edge Computing

May experiment with IoT solutions on a small scale using AWS IoT Core, Azure IoT Hub, or GCP IoT Core.

Workload pattern #09

Multi-Cloud Deployment

Typically avoid multi-cloud strategies due to complexity, focusing on a single cloud provider to minimize overhead.

Workload pattern #10

Data Warehousing and Analytics

Utilize basic analytics tools like Google Analytics or AWS QuickSight for simple reporting and insights. Typically use basic analytics tools but may start experimenting with cloud-based AI and ML services, such as AWS SageMaker, Azure Cognitive Services, or GCP AI Platform, for simple use cases.

Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Science workloads are best categorized under Data Warehousing and Analytics and these workloads typically involve processing and analyzing large datasets, often requiring advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and machine learning algorithms.

 Favourable Cost Implications Minimal impact Employee Count: Approximately 500 employees Annual IT Budget: Around $10 million Revenue: Typically in the range of $10 million to $1 billion annually Market Share: Regional or national presence with significant market influence Geographic Reach: National or multi-regional operations Complexity of Operations: Moderate complexity, with multiple lines of business and locations Customer Base: Larger and more diversified Organizational Hierarchy: More layered, with distinct middle management and departmental divisions R&D Investment: Moderate, with dedicated teams for innovation. Workload Patterns

Workload pattern #01

Enterprise Applications (ERP, CRM, HR Systems)

Use managed database services like AWS RDS, Azure SQL Database, or GCP Cloud SQL to run more complex ERP and CRM systems.

Workload pattern #02

Web Hosting and Content Management

Deploy more sophisticated e-commerce platforms with auto-scaling and load balancing using AWS EC2, Azure Virtual Machines, or GCP Compute Engine.

Workload pattern #03

Custom Application Development

Use containerization for deploying microservices-based applications using AWS ECS/EKS, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), or GCP Kubernetes Engine (GKE).

Workload pattern #04

DevOps and CI/CD

Actively use DevOps practices with tools like AWS CodePipeline, Azure DevOps, or GCP Cloud Build to streamline application development and deployment.

Workload pattern #05

High-Performance Computing (HPC)

May explore HPC for specialized tasks using services like AWS Batch, Azure Batch, or GCP Batch.

Workload pattern #06

File Storage and Backup

Implement more structured storage solutions with lifecycle management policies, integrating backup and disaster recovery strategies.

Workload pattern #07

Security and Compliance

Implement more robust security frameworks, including multi-factor authentication, network security, and compliance monitoring using AWS Security Hub, Azure Security Center, or GCP Security Command Center.

Workload pattern #08

IoT and Edge Computing

Begin scaling IoT deployments, integrating edge computing solutions for real-time processing at the source.

Workload pattern #09

Multi-Cloud Deployment

Start exploring multi-cloud strategies for redundancy, cost optimization, or to avoid vendor lock-in, though often limited in scope.

Workload pattern #10

Data Warehousing and Analytics

Implement data warehousing solutions like AWS Redshift, Azure Synapse Analytics, or GCP BigQuery for handling larger datasets and performing more complex analytics. Implement more complex data warehousing and analytics solutions, integrating AI and ML for predictive analytics, customer insights, and decision-making processes. They might use tools like AWS SageMaker, Azure Machine Learning, or GCP Vertex AI.

Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Science workloads are best categorized under Data Warehousing and Analytics and these workloads typically involve processing and analyzing large datasets, often requiring advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and machine learning algorithms.

 Favourable Cost Implications Minimal impact Employee Count: Fewer than 5,000 employees Annual IT Budget: Around $100 million Revenue: Generally over $1 billion annually Market Share: Global or multi-national dominance, extensive market share Geographic Reach: Global operations Complexity of Operations: Highly complex, with multiple divisions, products, and international presence Customer Base: Extensive, often global, with diverse demographics Organizational Hierarchy: Highly hierarchical with multiple management layers R&D Investment: Significant, often with dedicated departments for innovation and long-term projects. Workload Patterns

Workload pattern #01

Enterprise Applications (ERP, CRM, HR Systems)

Deploy enterprise-grade, highly available ERP, CRM, and HR systems across multiple cloud environments, integrating with on-premises systems for a hybrid approach.

Workload pattern #02

Web Hosting and Content Management

Host global-scale applications requiring high availability and disaster recovery using services like AWS Global Accelerator, Azure Traffic Manager, or GCP Global Load Balancer.

Workload pattern #03

Custom Application Development

Engage in large-scale custom development projects, leveraging multi-cloud environments and advanced DevOps practices, utilizing CI/CD pipelines across AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Workload pattern #04

DevOps and CI/CD

Implement complex CI/CD pipelines across multiple cloud environments, integrating security (DevSecOps) and compliance checks as part of the deployment process.

Workload pattern #05

High-Performance Computing (HPC)"

Extensively use HPC for tasks such as scientific simulations, genomic research, and large-scale data processing, leveraging cloud-based HPC solutions.

Workload pattern #06

File Storage and Backup

Employ complex multi-tier storage strategies, often across multiple regions, with integrated backup, archiving, and compliance solutions.

Workload pattern #07

Security and Compliance"

Deploy comprehensive security and compliance solutions across multi-cloud environments, incorporating advanced threat detection, automated incident response, and compliance with global regulations.

Workload pattern #08

IoT and Edge Computing

Implement large-scale IoT and edge computing solutions across multiple regions, with real-time analytics and machine learning capabilities integrated at the edge.

Workload pattern #09

Multi-Cloud Deployment

Extensively use multi-cloud strategies to optimize performance, cost, and resilience, deploying critical workloads across AWS, Azure, and GCP simultaneously.

Workload pattern #10

Data Warehousing and Analytics

Use advanced analytics and big data tools like AWS EMR, Azure HDInsight, or GCP Dataproc, combined with AI/ML platforms like AWS SageMaker, Azure Machine Learning, or GCP AI Platform. Extensively use AI and ML for advanced analytics, including deep learning, real-time data processing, and large-scale predictive modeling. They often deploy these workloads across dedicated AI/ML platforms and big data processing tools like AWS EMR, Azure HDInsight, or GCP Dataproc, integrated with AI platforms.

Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Science workloads are best categorized under Data Warehousing and Analytics and these workloads typically involve processing and analyzing large datasets, often requiring advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and machine learning algorithms.

 Favourable Cost Implications Minimal impact Employee Count: Over 5,000 employees Annual IT Budget: Over $100 million Revenue: Over $1 billion annually Market Share: Global or multi-national dominance, extensive market share Geographic Reach: Global operations Complexity of Operations: Highly complex, with multiple divisions, products, and international presence Customer Base: Extensive, often global, with diverse demographics Organizational Hierarchy: Highly hierarchical with multiple management layers R&D Investment: Significant, often with dedicated departments for innovation and long-term projects. Workload Patterns

Workload pattern #01

Enterprise Applications (ERP, CRM, HR Systems)

Deploy enterprise-grade, highly available ERP, CRM, and HR systems across multiple cloud environments, integrating with on-premises systems for a hybrid approach.

Workload pattern #02

Web Hosting and Content Management

Host global-scale applications requiring high availability and disaster recovery using services like AWS Global Accelerator, Azure Traffic Manager, or GCP Global Load Balancer.

Workload pattern #03

Custom Application Development

Engage in large-scale custom development projects, leveraging multi-cloud environments and advanced DevOps practices, utilizing CI/CD pipelines across AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Workload pattern #04

DevOps and CI/CD

Implement complex CI/CD pipelines across multiple cloud environments, integrating security (DevSecOps) and compliance checks as part of the deployment process.

Workload pattern #05

High-Performance Computing (HPC)"

Extensively use HPC for tasks such as scientific simulations, genomic research, and large-scale data processing, leveraging cloud-based HPC solutions.

Workload pattern #06

File Storage and Backup

Employ complex multi-tier storage strategies, often across multiple regions, with integrated backup, archiving, and compliance solutions.

Workload pattern #07

Security and Compliance"

Deploy comprehensive security and compliance solutions across multi-cloud environments, incorporating advanced threat detection, automated incident response, and compliance with global regulations.

Workload pattern #08

IoT and Edge Computing

Implement large-scale IoT and edge computing solutions across multiple regions, with real-time analytics and machine learning capabilities integrated at the edge.

Workload pattern #09

Multi-Cloud Deployment

Extensively use multi-cloud strategies to optimize performance, cost, and resilience, deploying critical workloads across AWS, Azure, and GCP simultaneously.

Workload pattern #10

Data Warehousing and Analytics

Use advanced analytics and big data tools like AWS EMR, Azure HDInsight, or GCP Dataproc, combined with AI/ML platforms like AWS SageMaker, Azure Machine Learning, or GCP AI Platform. Extensively use AI and ML for advanced analytics, including deep learning, real-time data processing, and large-scale predictive modeling. They often deploy these workloads across dedicated AI/ML platforms and big data processing tools like AWS EMR, Azure HDInsight, or GCP Dataproc, integrated with AI platforms.

Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data Science workloads are best categorized under Data Warehousing and Analytics and these workloads typically involve processing and analyzing large datasets, often requiring advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and machine learning algorithms.

 Favourable Cost Implications Minimal impact Various applications across different workload patterns are categorized as low, medium, high, or critical, based on their complexity and usage.
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Total Estimated Cost: , Let's review the breakdown step by step to see how this cost was determined!
Steps to calculate TCO  
Step 01 Cost heads - Review the costing heads and logic used to calculate the costs.
Step 02(a) Define Workload Patterns to be used for the analysis.
Step 02(b) Labor Costs and Team-sizing/mix
Configure TCO parameters  
Configure 01 IT Budgets - Define the budgets for the organizations.
Configure 02 Review Percentage configuration and adjust if necessary.
Cost-Benefit analysis and TCO  
Cost-Benefit analysis I - Define key cost factors, Review TCO.
Cost-Benefit analysis II - Select LCNC platforms, and specify the units to be purchased and their rates for the analysis, Review new TCO for Citizen Development.
Configure 01 - IT Budgets - Define the budgets for
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*Review Cost heads section
for detailed breakup

Capital Budget, Operational Budget, and Cloud Budget are often separate line items in the budget, with specific allocations. Development Budget, Automation Budget, and Agile Project Budget are more commonly expressed as percentages of the total IT budget, though they can also be treated as separate heads depending on the organization's focus and structure.

Configure 02 - Cost heads - Review Percentage configuration and adjust if necessary, for
Step 01 - Cost heads - Review the costing heads and logic used to calculate the costs for
Human Capital & Development
  • Skilled Labor: % of IT budget =
  • Talent & Skills Development:
    • Training & Certifications: % of salary budget =
    • Workshops & Seminars: % of operational budget =
  • Agile Workforce Management:
    • Agile Training: of project budget =
    • Change Management: of project budget =
    • Collaboration Tools: /user/month x users = /year
Total (Human Capital & Development):
Operational Agility Costs
  • Cloud Operating Costs:
  • Agile Process Optimization:
  • Scalability & Flexibility:
Total (Operational Agility Costs):
Automation & Efficiency Tools
  • RPA:
Total (Automation & Efficiency Tools):
Strategic CapEx Investments
  • Platform & Tooling Acquisition:
Total (Strategic CapEx Investments):

Total Estimated Cost for :

Note: These calculations are illustrative and based on the assumptions provided. They can vary significantly based on actual costs, regional factors, industry specifics, and the maturity of the organization in cloud adoption. The percentages and dollar values are intended as starting points and may need adjustments based on the unique circumstances of each organization.

*Select the other organization size to review cost heads and configure percentages for cost heads.

Step 02(a)- Define Workload Patterns to be used for the analysis. Applicable to
Use this section to understand the guidelines for Sizing of Workload patterns.

  • Resource Requirements: CPU, memory, storage, and network bandwidth.
  • Performance Requirements: Latency, IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second), and throughput.
  • Scalability: Autoscaling needs (horizontal vs. vertical scaling).
  • Workload Type: Batch processing, real-time processing, data-intensive, compute-intensive, etc.
  • Data Transfer: Ingress (into the cloud) and egress (out of the cloud) data transfer requirements.

  • Development: Typically smaller instances, lower availability requirements, may have reserved capacity.
  • Testing/Staging: Environment close to production, may require higher capacity for realistic testing.
  • Production: Requires high availability, fault tolerance, and redundancy.
  • Disaster Recovery: Secondary environment for failover, often mirrors production but may run at reduced capacity.

  • Compute Resources: Virtual machines (VMs), containers, serverless functions (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure Functions).
  • Storage: Block storage, object storage, file storage, and their respective access patterns (frequent vs. infrequent).
  • Database Services: Managed databases (RDS, Azure SQL, Cloud SQL), NoSQL databases, and caching services.
  • Networking: VPC, load balancers, VPN, and content delivery networks (CDNs).
  • Security Services: Firewalls, encryption, identity management (IAM), security groups, DDoS protection.
  • Monitoring and Logging: Costs associated with monitoring (CloudWatch, Azure Monitor) and logging services.
  • Backup and Recovery: Costs related to data backups, snapshots, and disaster recovery solutions.

  • Region Selection: Different regions have different pricing; consider data sovereignty, latency requirements, and redundancy.
  • Availability Zones: Cost for redundancy across multiple zones within a region.
  • Data Residency Requirements: Compliance with local regulations regarding where data must reside.

  • Instance Lifecycle Management: Start/stop schedules, reserved vs. on-demand instances, and spot instances.
  • Capacity Planning: Over-provisioning vs. under-provisioning risks and cost implications.
  • Maintenance Windows: Cost of running during non-peak vs. peak hours.
  • Support Plans: Cost of cloud provider support tiers (e.g., basic, developer, business, enterprise).

  • Multi-region Deployments: Costs for running across multiple geographic regions.
  • Load Balancing: Costs for distributing traffic across multiple instances or regions.
  • Failover Strategies: Active-active vs. active-passive configurations.

  • Compliance Requirements: Costs associated with meeting standards like GDPR, HIPAA, etc.
  • Encryption: Costs for data encryption at rest and in transit.

  • Reserved Instances/Savings Plans: Discounts for committing to long-term use.
  • Spot Instances: Leveraging spot pricing for non-critical workloads.
  • Rightsizing: Regular analysis to match instance sizes to actual usage.
PaaS
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PaaS based
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IaaS
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SaaS
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Networking
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Storage
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Monitoring
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Serverless
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*These cloud services calculation is for running only on a monthly basis, year(s) upfront rates in this section.
Workload Cost Sheet
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annually, break up below:
PaaS
Apps

n running on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Database

n instances on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Serverless

n executions on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Total PaaS = for year(s)

SaaS

n users on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Total SaaS = for year(s)

IaaS
Remaining Apps

n running on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Networking

n services on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Storage

n services on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Monitoring

n services on [cloudprovider] @ average rate in the range of X-X

Total IaaS = for year(s)

Note:

The following assumes that critical security and resilience measures—such as authorization, authentication, role-based security, encryption, as well as business continuity and disaster recovery—are inherently included or considered default within the costs associated with PaaS, IaaS, SaaS, Serverless, Networking, Storage, and Monitoring services.

Review the latest pricing information from the cloud provider to ensure the most accurate cost calculation.

Step 02(b) - Labor Costs and Team-sizing/mix - Prevailing Labor Rate to be used for the analysis, adjust these as per your industry.
Step 03a - Labor Rates
Use this section to understand the guidelines for estimation.
Efforts items for estimation

  • Application Refactoring: Time spent by developers modifying code for cloud compatibility.
  • Data Migration: Labor involved in data extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) processes.
  • Integration: Effort by integration specialists to connect cloud systems with existing infrastructure.
  • CI/CD Pipeline Setup: Developer and DevOps labor for establishing continuous integration and deployment workflows.
  • Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Implementation: Effort by DevOps teams to automate infrastructure management.

  • Functional Testing: Labor for QA engineers to ensure applications work as expected post-migration.
  • Security Testing: Effort by security teams to conduct vulnerability assessments and implement security controls.
  • Penetration Testing: Time spent by security specialists simulating attacks to identify vulnerabilities.
  • Performance Testing: Labor by performance engineers to assess application and infrastructure performance.
  • Load Testing: Effort by compliance teams to ensure regulatory standards are met.
  • Disaster Recovery Testing: Labor involved in testing backup and recovery processes.

  • Documentation Creation: Labor required to document the migration process, new infrastructure, and operational procedures.
  • Training: Time spent by trainers and employees participating in training sessions on cloud operations and tools.
  • Support & Troubleshooting: Ongoing labor for IT support teams to address issues post-migration.
  • Monitoring & Logging Setup: Effort by IT and DevOps teams to establish and maintain monitoring systems.
  • Ongoing Maintenance: Labor for regular updates, patching, and optimization tasks.
  • Incident Management: Effort by IT and security teams to manage and respond to incidents.

  • Project Planning & Execution: Labor by project managers to plan, coordinate, and oversee the migration process.
  • Change Management: Time spent by change management professionals to handle organizational and process changes.
  • Risk Assessment & Mitigation: Labor by risk management teams to identify and mitigate potential migration risks.
  • Budget Management: Effort by financial analysts and project managers to track and manage costs.
  • Stakeholder Communication: Labor involved in keeping stakeholders informed and engaged throughout the migration.
  • Post-Migration Review: Time spent reviewing the migration process to capture lessons learned.

  • Cloud Architecture Design: Labor by architects to design the cloud infrastructure.
  • Strategy Development: Time spent by senior management and architects to develop a cloud strategy.
  • Cost Optimization: Effort by financial and technical teams to plan and implement cost-saving measures.
  • Multi-Cloud/Hybrid Cloud Planning: Labor by architects and IT teams to plan for multi-cloud or hybrid cloud setups.

  • Vendor & Tool Selection: Cloud Provider Evaluation: Time spent by procurement and IT teams to evaluate and select cloud providers.
  • Tool Selection & Implementation: Labor involved in selecting and setting up necessary tools for migration, monitoring, and security.
  • Contract Negotiation: Effort by legal and procurement teams to negotiate SLAs and contracts with vendors.

  • Culture Shift Initiatives: Labor by HR and change management professionals to drive a cloud-first mindset.
  • Role Reassignment & Training: Time spent on reassigning roles and training employees for new responsibilities.
  • Agility & Innovation Coaching: Effort by agile coaches to promote innovation and agile practices in the cloud environment.
Project Based Pricing
  • Small projects - $50,000 - $250,000
  • Medium projects - $250,000 - $1,000,000
  • Large projects - $1,000,000 - $10,000,000
Outsourcing Services
Use this section to enter no of people in a role along with their hours, but the outsourcing charges rates are defined as per industy standards, not editable at this point.
offshore IaaS (Asia-Pacific)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $15 - $30 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $30 - $50 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $80 - $120 per hour
offshore PaaS (Asia-Pacific)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $15 - $30 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $30 - $50 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $80 - $120 per hour
offshore SaaS (Asia-Pacific)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $15 - $30 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $30 - $50 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $80 - $120 per hour
nearshore IaaS (Eastern Europe, Latin America)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $25 - $40 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $40 - $70 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $70 - $100 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $100 - $150 per hour
nearshore PaaS (Eastern Europe, Latin America)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $25 - $40 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $40 - $70 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $70 - $100 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $100 - $150 per hour
nearshore SaaS (Eastern Europe, Latin America)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $25 - $40 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $40 - $70 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $70 - $100 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $100 - $150 per hour
onshore IaaS (North America, Western Europe)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $80 - $120 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $120 - $180 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $150 - $250 per hour
onshore PaaS (North America, Western Europe)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $80 - $120 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $120 - $180 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $150 - $250 per hour
onshore SaaS (North America, Western Europe)
  • Junior Developer/Analyst
    $50 - $80 per hour
  • Mid-Level Developer/Analyst
    $80 - $120 per hour
  • Senior Developer/Consultant
    $120 - $180 per hour
  • Project Manager/Lead Consultant
    $150 - $250 per hour
Consulting Services
Use this section to enter no of people in a role along with their hours, but the consulting services rates are defined as per industy standards, not editable at this point.
  • Junior Consultant
    $100 - $200 per hour
  • Mid-Level Consultant
    $200 - $300 per hour
  • Senior Consultant
    $300 - $500 per hour
  • Partner/Principal
    $500 - $1,000 per hour
Step 03b - Team Sizing/mix
  • offshore IaaS
    Costs??
    offshore PaaS
    Costs??
    offshore SaaS
    Costs??
    nearshore IaaS
    Costs??
    nearshore PaaS
    Costs??
    nearshore SaaS
    Costs??
    onshore IaaS
    Costs??
    onshore PaaS
    Costs??
    onshore SaaS
    Costs??
    consulting
    Costs??
    Grand Total: -
Cost-Benefits analysis Part I - Define the key cost factors for the analysis. Applicable to
Key Cost Factors
calculated (from Step 02): $
Labor costs (calculated from Step 03)
  • -
  • -
  • -
Total Labor costs range (IaaS)
calculated (from Step 02): $
Labor costs (calculated from Step 03)
  • -
  • -
  • -
Total Labor costs range (PaaS) More factors
  • Flexibility in customization and control
  • Training and onboarding for developers
calculated (from Step 02):$
  • -
  • -
  • -
Total Labor costs range (SaaS) More factors
  • Reduced flexibility but faster deployment
  • Minimal to no development required
  • Vendor lock-in risks
  • Citizen Development adoption hesitancy
More factors
  • Limited flexibility for highly complex applications
  • Training costs for developers and business users
  • Potential limitations in scalability and performance
  • Pricing Plans
    Pricing plans of the platforms listed here on this website to research of their cost estimates.
    Plans
    Cost
       1:   8base Developer Plan, Capacity for production applications with the option to scale. ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 25 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Developer Plan, Capacity for production applications with the option to scale. Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 25 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (25.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of 8base
      Developer Plan
    • 25USD/month, External auth providers, Additional backend capacity,
    • DB Rows : $10 per 100K Rows
    • File Storage : $0.95 per GB
    • Serverless Computing : $0.50 per GB-Hour
    • Bandwidth : $0.35 per GB
    • GraphQL API Calls : $10 per 100,000 calls
    • GraphQL Subscriptions : $10 per 100,000 calls
    • Client App Users : $0.01 per Client App User
    Enterprise plan - As much capacity as you need, with HIPAA, GDPR, SOC 2 compliance and upto 99.999% SLA ( ) -----

    Minimum users 10 Price 75 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Enterprise plan - As much capacity as you need, with HIPAA, GDPR, SOC 2 compliance and upto 99.999% SLA Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 10 x 75 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (750.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of 8base
      Enterprise Plan
    • 75USD/month, minimum 10 developers, includes everything in Professional,
    • plus includes HIPAA, GDPR, SOC 2 compliance and upto 99.999% SLA
    • Volume discounts, Additional development environments, Advanced SQL Access to the backend,
    • Upgrade computing environment, Self-hosted option, SLAs, Premium support
    8base Pricing -- ( )
       2:   Agilepoint Standard Edition - * Minimum requirement 100 named users ( ) -----

    Minimum users 100 Price 39 USD seat Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Standard Edition - * Minimum requirement 100 named users Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 100 x 39 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (3900.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of Agilepoint
      Standard Edition
    • All Core Connectors, Single sign-on, 1 Production server, 1 Development Server, Deployment - Public Cloud, Private Cloud, On-Premises,
    • Support: Standard support during local hours 9 AM - 5 PM, Working days, * Minimum requirement 100 named users
    Enterprise Edition - * Per CPU core of production system ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 9950 USD core Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Enterprise Edition - * Per CPU core of production system Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 9950 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (9950.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of Agilepoint
      Enterprise Edition
    • All Core & Advanced Connectors, Single sign-on Min 2 Core CPU Production, Clustering Supported, 2 Non Productions Environments, Mobile App Builder
    • Deployment: Private Cloud, Hybrid Model (Private Cloud & On-Premises), On-Premises Deployment, Support: 24/7 Support, 99,95% Uptime Guarantee
    Agilepoint Pricing -- ( )
       3:   Airtable Team Plan that Everything in Free plan plus includes 50,000 records per base, 25,000 automation runs, 20 GB of attachments per base, Standard sync integrations, Extensions, Gantt and timeline view, Expanded color, formatting, and calendar options ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 24 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 16.67% Description Team Plan that Everything in Free plan plus includes 50,000 records per base, 25,000 automation runs, 20 GB of attachments per base, Standard sync integrations, Extensions, Gantt and timeline view, Expanded color, formatting, and calendar options Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 24 x (1 - 16.67 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (20.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of Airtable
      Team Plan
    • Everything in Business, plus Enterprise plan includes 500,000 records per base, 500,000 automation runs,
    Business Plan that Everything in Team plan plus includes 125,000 records per base, 100,000 automation runs, 100 GB of attachments per base, Premium sync integrations, Verified data, Two-way sync, Admin panel, SAML-based single sign-on ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 54 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 16.67% Description Business Plan that Everything in Team plan plus includes 125,000 records per base, 100,000 automation runs, 100 GB of attachments per base, Premium sync integrations, Verified data, Two-way sync, Admin panel, SAML-based single sign-on Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 54 x (1 - 16.67 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (45.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of Airtable
      Business Plan
    • 1,000 GB of attachments per base, On-premises sync integrations, Enterprise Hub, Enhanced security and admin controls,
    Airtable Pricing -- ( )
       4:   Alpha Anywhere Alpha Anywhere-Professional Plan - 99USD per user per month ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 99 USD seat Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Alpha Anywhere-Professional Plan - 99USD per user per month Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 99 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (99.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of Alpha Anywhere
      Professional Plan Alpha Anywhere
    • Ideal to Develop, Test & Light Use, 100 Compute Units / month, 5 Concurrent Deployments,
    • 5 GB In/ 5 GB Out Data Transfer, Load Balancing & Scaling, Failover & Roll-Backs, Automated deployment
    Alpha Anywhere-Business Plan - 750USD per month ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 750 USD seat Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Alpha Anywhere-Business Plan - 750USD per month Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 750 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (750.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of Alpha Anywhere
      Business Plan Alpha Anywhere
    • Ideal for Production Applications, 1000 Compute Units / month, 20 Concurrent Deployments,
    • 50 GB In/ 50 GB Out Data Transfer, Load Balancing & Scaling, Failover & Roll-Backs, Automated Deployment
    Alpha Anywhere Pricing -- ( )
       5:   Appsmith Free - For individual developers and small teams - Cloud and Self-hosted ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 0 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Free - For individual developers and small teams - Cloud and Self-hosted Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 0 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (0.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of Appsmith
      Free - For individual developers and small teams - Cloud and Self-hosted
    • Unlimited users, apps, data sources, widgets, UI themes, 3 Git repos, Google/GitHub SSO, 3 access control roles, public app embedding, community support.
    • Capabilities under Build
    • Users, Apps : Unlimited
    • UI Themes, Custom code : Write js code, import js libraries
    • Branding : Appsmith branding Persistent
    • Embedding : Embed public apps, but private only available in Enterprise plan
    • Capabilities under Deploy and, Manage
    • Deployment : Continuous delivery not available, but only available in Enterprise plan
    • Supported : Self-hosting, custom domains, 3 repos
    • SSO and IDPs : Google and GitHub OAuth
    Business: For individual developers and small teams - Cloud and Self-hosted ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 40 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Business: For individual developers and small teams - Cloud and Self-hosted Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 40 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (40.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of Appsmith
      Business - For growing teams that need more customization and collaboration - Cloud and Self-hostedd
    • All in Free plus: Granular access controls, Workflows Beta, Reusable packages, Custom branding, 2 datasource environments (staging & prod), Unlimited Git repos, Audit logs, Priority support.
    • Capabilities under Build
    • Users, Apps : Unlimited
    • Supported : Workflows Beta, UI Themes
    • Custom code and resources : Write js code, import js libraries, custom widgets or integrations
    • Branding : Custom, Appsmith branding removable
    • Embedding : Embed public apps, but private only available in Enterprise plan
    • Capabilities under Deploy and, Manage
    • Deployment : Continuous delivery not available, but available in Enterprise plan
    • Supported : Self-hosting, custom domains, unlimited repos in Business and Enterprise plans
    • Source control features : Git branch protection and default branch configuration not in Business but available in Enterprise plans
    • SSO and IDPs : Google and GitHub OAuth, but Okta, Auth0, Azure AD + any SAML, OIDC SSO, User provisioning and group sync through SCIM only in Enterprise plan
    • Datasource environments : 2 (staging & prod) environments, Multiple/custom environments only in Enterprise plan
    • Backup and restore : Anytime you want, synced to AWS S3
    • High availability : available in both Business and Enterprise plans
    • Airgapped edition : not available in business, but available in Enterprise plan
    • Managed hosting : not available in Business plan; Appsmith Cloud (AWS and Azure) only available in Enterprise plan.
    • Migration support : not available in Business plan; Migration of existing apps available in Enterprise plan
    Appsmith Pricing -- ( )
       6:   AuraQuantic Starter 28€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 2 Quanta ( ) -----

    Minimum users 20 Price 31 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Starter 28€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 2 Quanta Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 20 x 31 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (620.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Starter Paid Plan of AuraQuantic
      Starter
    • Starter 28€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 2 Quanta
    • Core, Advanced Data Management, Advanced Analytics available in this plan.
    • Applications, Application components, Workflows - Flows and processes, Workflow instances are unlimited in this plan.
    • Automate business processes and easily create powerful apps.
    Standard 40€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 3 Quanta ( ) -----

    Minimum users 20 Price 44 USD user(s) Price frequency (months) 12 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description Standard 40€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 3 Quanta Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 20 x 44 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (880.0 * 12) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of AuraQuantic
      Standard
    • Standard 40€ per user / per month - Minimum 20 internal users, AuraQuantic Core + 3 Quanta
    • Core, Advanced Data Management, Advanced Analytics and Connectivity available in this plan.
    • Applications, Application components, Workflows - Flows and processes, Workflow instances are unlimited in this plan.
    • For increased automation, more data options and rich insights.
    AuraQuantic Pricing -- ( )
       7:   OutSystems OutSystems Developer Cloud(ODC) - starts at 36300USD/year, priced per application, user and advanced add-ons, Development, non-production (testing), and production ( ) -----

    Minimum users 1 Price 36300 USD seat Price frequency (months) 1 Discount if billing yearly 0% Description OutSystems Developer Cloud(ODC) - starts at 36300USD/year, priced per application, user and advanced add-ons, Development, non-production (testing), and production Calculation Monthly Cost = Minimum users x Price x (1 - Discount if billing yearly / 100) Monthly Cost = 1 x 36300 x (1 - 0 / 100) Minimum yearly cost Total Cost = (Monthly Cost * Price frequency (months) multiplier) (roundoff) Total Cost = (36300.0 * 1) roundoff to 0
    Popular Plan of OutSystems
      OutSystems Developer Cloud license
    • OutSystems Developer Cloud(ODC) - starts at 36300USD/year, priced per application, user and advanced add-ons,
    • Development, non-production (testing), and production, OutSystems Cloud, starts with 100 Internal users, Start with 1 medium-sized production application, AI Agent Builder included with ODC license
    • In ODC, Limited ISO 27001, Add additional compliance certs: SOC2 Type II, PCI DSS, etc.
    • Uptime guarantee, 99.5% in ODC, add-ons: Upgrade to 99.95%
    • Start with 1 medium-sized production application in ODC, add-ons: Scale to multiple apps and larger, more complex applications
    • Add-ons: Add Internal and External Users as needed
    OutSystems Pricing -- ( )
    Platforms
    Plans and Pricing
    • IaaS, Paas, SaaS Workload and Labor Costs Calculation
    Costs measured in range for , calculated from workloads - Step 02/03, Low-code No-code platforms related costs - not included
    • Cloud Usage:
    • -
    • Labor:
    • -

    In Step 03, define labor costs and determine the appropriate team size and mix. Then, review the change in the calculated TCO range, where labor costs represent % of the total, for the selected (), in case blanket adjustments to labor cost calculations are required.

    TCO (calculated):   -
    -
    Cloud Usage/Spend: $  vs Budgets -> Cloud of   + Automation of   + Development of 
    Benefits
    Low-Code/No-Code Platforms
    • Accelerated time-to-market for applications
    • Reduced dependency on specialized developers
    • Flexibility in iterative development and rapid prototyping
    • Increased ability for business users to participate in development
    Lift-and-Shift (IaaS)
    • Quick migration with minimal application changes
    • Cost savings on hardware and infrastructure
    • Retention of existing application architecture
    • Flexibility in cloud resource management
    Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
    • Greater control over application deployment and scaling
    • Customization to specific business needs
    • Potential for innovation and unique competitive advantages
    Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
    • Simplified management with fewer resources required
    • Consistent updates and security management by the vendor
    • Scalability with minimal effort
    • Faster adoption with lower upfront investment
    Risks and Challenges
    Low-Code/No-Code Platforms
    • Vendor lock-in risks
    • Limited flexibility for highly complex applications
    • Potential limitations in scalability and performance
    Lift-and-Shift (IaaS)
    • Higher long-term operational costs if not optimized
    • Potential inefficiencies if not re-architected
    • Challenges in managing a hybrid environment
    Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
    • Complexity in managing platform components
    • Potential higher costs for scaling and custom needs
    • Risks in managing security and compliance
    Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
    • Limited customization and flexibility
    • Dependence on the vendor for critical updates and feature requests
    • Possible data security concerns with multi-tenancy
    TCO Guidelines
    Cost-Benefit Calculations
    • Calculate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for each option over a defined period (e.g., 3-5 years)
    • Quantify the benefits in monetary terms where possible (e.g., time saved, reduction in development costs)
    • Compare the TCO with the expected benefits to determine the ROI
    Intangible Benefits
    • Consider qualitative benefits such as improved agility, employee satisfaction, and alignment with business strategy
    • Factor in strategic alignment with future business goals
    Decision making
    • Based on the cost-benefit analysis, recommend the best approach that aligns with your organization's needs and strategic goals
    • Consider creating a decision matrix to weigh the importance of each factor
    Findings and Recommendations
    • Summarize the key findings, including both quantitative and qualitative analysis
    • Provide clear recommendations supported by the data
    • Include any assumptions or limitations in the analysis
    Total cost of ownership:   - out of the estimated Costs:

    *adjust the various costs given in IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, and low-code/no-code platforms tabs to reflect the TCO.

    Cost-Benefits analysis Part II - Select platforms, define units and rates to be considered for Citizen Development.
    Select platform(s) to review change in the Subscription or licensing costs
    *app counts from the are indicative, estimating the required units from these platforms, but not included in the calculation.
    • 1:   8base
      Developer  25 USD /month (minimum 1 user(s)) 300/year  
      Enterprise  75 USD /month (minimum 10 user(s)) 9000/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 2:   Agilepoint
      Standard  39 USD /month (minimum 100 seat) 46800/year  
      Enterprise  9950 USD /month (minimum 1 core) 119400/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 3:   Airtable
      Team  24 USD /month (minimum 1 user(s)) 240/year   with 16.67% discount if billed yearly
      Business  54 USD /month (minimum 1 user(s)) 540/year   with 16.67% discount if billed yearly
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 4:   Alpha Anywhere
      Professional-Alpha-Anywhere  99 USD /month (minimum 1 seat) 1188/year  
      Business-Alpha-Anywhere  750 USD /month (minimum 1 seat) 9000/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 5:   Appsmith
      Free  0 USD /month (minimum 1 user(s)) 0/year  
      Business  40 USD /month (minimum 1 user(s)) 480/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 6:   AuraQuantic
      Starter  31 USD /month (minimum 20 user(s)) 7440/year  
      Standard  44 USD /month (minimum 20 user(s)) 10560/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 7:   OutSystems
      OutSystems-Developer-Cloud (minimum 1 seat) 36300/year  
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 1:   AWS Amplify Studio
      a) 5 devs, 1 app, 300 DAUs, 2 commits/day = $8.08/mo. b) 1 app, 10,000 DAUs = $65.98/mo.
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 2:   AWS App Studio
      60-day free trial with 250 user hours, then $0.25/user hour on pay-as-you-go.
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 4:   Adobe Experience Platform
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 5:   Appian
      Standard, Advanced, Premium plans: Pricing unavailable online. Appian Guarantee: First app live in 8 weeks or less.
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 6:   Betty Blocks
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 7:   Bubble.io
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 8:   Builder Studio
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 9:   Claris
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 10:   Creatio Studio
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 12:   Fibery
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 13:   Kintone
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 14:   Kissflow
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 15:   Knack
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 16:   Mendix
      Free: Includes all for demos, prototypes, or small apps. No fees, no commitment, no card needed. Basic: €52.50/mo, Standard: €900/mo, Premium: by quote.
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 18:   Quixy
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 19:   Retool
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 20:   SAP Build, previously Appgyver
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 22:   TrackVia
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
    • 23:   Zoho Creator
      • Use yearly plan cost for calculation of subscription cost.
      $ (Zero)
    Use subscription or licensing costs to update the LCNC platforms tab. Reduce IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS based on the apps considered, and review the reduced total cost of ownership.
    Use these data points to take a well-structured approach, weighing the trade-offs, to make a decision on whether to adopt or not, and to embrace citizen development more judiciously.

    Happy Citizen Development!
    Cloud spend of top IT and Non-IT companies in 2023.
    IT Companies
    • Amazon - $35,800,000,000 (Thirty-Five Billion Eight Hundred Million)
    • Microsoft - $27,500,000,000 (Twenty-Seven Billion Five Hundred Million)
    • Google - $18,400,000,000 (Eighteen Billion Four Hundred Million)
    • Alibaba - $9,200,000,000 (Nine Billion Two Hundred Million)
    • IBM - $8,100,000,000 (Eight Billion One Hundred Million)
    • Tencent - $7,300,000,000 (Seven Billion Three Hundred Million)
    • Baidu - $5,900,000,000 (Five Billion Nine Hundred Million)
    • Salesforce - $5,700,000,000 (Five Billion Seven Hundred Million)
    • Oracle - $5,500,000,000 (Five Billion Five Hundred Million)
    • SAP - $5,200,000,000 (Five Billion Two Hundred Million)
    Non-IT Companies
    • Walmart - $3,900,000,000 (Three Billion Nine Hundred Million)
    • JPMorgan Chase - $3,200,000,000 (Three Billion Two Hundred Million)
    • GE - $2,700,000,000 (Two Billion Seven Hundred Million)
    • Pfizer - $2,400,000,000 (Two Billion Four Hundred Million)
    • Exxon Mobil - $2,300,000,000 (Two Billion Three Hundred Million)
    • Chevron - $2,100,000,000 (Two Billion One Hundred Million)
    • Ford - $1,900,000,000 (One Billion Nine Hundred Million)
    • Procter & Gamble - $1,700,000,000 (One Billion Seven Hundred Million)
    • Boeing - $1,600,000,000 (One Billion Six Hundred Million)